• Clinical features
  • Muscular hypotonia and poor feeding in infants
  • Increased appetite (hyperphagia) and obesity
  • Cryptorchidism, hypogonadism, genital hypoplasia
  • Facial dysmorphia (e.g., almond-shaped eyes, thin upper lip)
  • Developmental delays (e.g., delayed achievement of milestones), intellectual disability
  • Behavioral problems (e.g., temper tantrums, stubbornness, obsessive-compulsive behavior)
• Treatment
  • Calorie restriction
  • Substitution of growth hormone and sex hormones
• Complications
  • Sleep apnea (most common)
  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus
  • Choking episodes
  • Gastric distention and rupture