Renal elimination: mostly hydrophilic drugs

Main renal elimination mechanisms in lar secretion
- Tubular reabsorption
<span style=“background:rgb| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |obarbital, methotrexate, aspirin) are trappe verdoses with these drugs can be treated via alkalinization of urine ( Glutamate [E] → NMDA recepCa²⁺ Ca2+ & Na<supH⁺ influx )
- Weak basic drugs (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants, amphetamines) are trapped in an acidic environment
  - Overd be treated via acidification of urine (ammonium chloride)
  - RNH₃+ (trapped form) ⇄ RNH2 + H+ (lipid of tricyclic antidepressants, which are basic, can be increased by acidification of urine, but toxicity is generally bonate.
Neutral substances can be reabsorbed.

Biliary elimination

<span style=“backgroun d hydrophilic substances
Lipophilic substances that have undergone biliary elimination may be in in bile (enterohepatic circulation)