Epidemiology
Etiology
Pathophysiology
- Rhabdomyolysis → release of the following substances:
- Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and serum myoglobin → pigment nephropathy → acute tubular necrosis → acute kidney injury (intrinsic)
- Potassium → cardiac arrhythmia
- Lactic acid → metabolic acidosis
- Hypovolemia → ↓ renal perfusion → acute kidney injury (prerenal)
- Hypovolemia is predominantly due to third spacing of extracellular fluid into damaged muscle tissue.
- Reperfusion syndrome → compartment syndrome
Clinical features
Diagnostics
- Positive urine dipstick for blood without RBCs on microscopy