Motor innervation of the tongue is provided by the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve CN XII) with the exception of the palatoglossus muscle, which is innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X).
General sensory innervation of the tongue (including touch, pain, pressure, and temperature sensation) is provided by:
Anterior 2/3 of the tongue: mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (CN V3)
Posterior 1/3 of the tongue: glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Posterior area of the tongue root: vagus nerve (CN X)
Gustatory innervation (taste buds) is as follows:
Anterior 2/3 of the tongue: chorda tympani branch of facial nerve (CN VII)
Posterior 1/3 of the tongue: glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Posterior area of the tongue root and taste buds of the larynx and upper esophagus: vagus nerve (CN X)