Bladder injuries

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Category	Extraperitoneal Bladder Rupture	Intraperitoneal Bladder Rupture
Site of Injury	Mostly in the neck, anterior bladder wall	Mostly in the bladder dome (superior, lateral walls)
Associated Injuries	Often accompanied by pelvic fractures	Sometimes spontaneous bladder rupture
Peritoneal Damage	Bladder wall rupture, intact peritoneum	Bladder wall rupture communicating with the peritoneal cavity
Urinary Leakage Site	Perivesical tissue, space behind the pubic bone	Intraperitoneal
Main Clinical Symptoms	Lower abdominal pain, pressure pain, muscle tension	Full abdominal pain, rebound tenderness, muscle tension, shifting dullness
Treatment	Extraperitoneal drainage, removal of leaked urine, repair of bladder perforation if necessary	Exploratory laparotomy, repair of peritoneum and bladder wall, extraperitoneal catheter drainage above pubic bone