Epidemiology
Etiology
- Idiopathic (most common)
- Infection (e.g. streptococcal pharyngitis, histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, TB, leprosy)
- Autoimmune diseases (e.g. sarcoidosis, Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis, Behcet syndrome)
- Drugs (oral contraceptives, sulfonamides, iodide)
- Pregnancy
- Malignancy
Pathophysiology
- Delayed hypersensitivity reaction → panniculitis (inflammation of subcutaneous fat)
Clinical features
- Nonspecific symptoms : fever, arthralgia , malaise, hilar lymphadenopathy
- Painful, subcutaneous nodules on both pretibial (anterior leg) surfaces (less common on other areas of skin)
- Firm, erythematous (1st week)
- Fluctuant (without suppuration) and bluish (2nd week)
- Progressively fades (i.e., yellow or brown hue)
Diagnostics
Treatment
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