Epidemiology

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Etiology

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Pathophysiology

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Clinical features

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• General
  • Production of IL-6 by tumor causes constitutional symptoms (e.g., weight loss, fever, pallor)
  • Digital clubbing
• Clinical features caused directly by the tumor
  • Symptoms caused by obstruction
    • Dyspnea on exertion, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and/or orthopnea
    • Dizziness or syncope (patients commonly have a history of multiple syncopes)
    • Palpitations
  • Auscultatory findings
    • Low pitched, middiastolic rumbling murmur over the apex (similar to mitral stenosis)
    • Early diastolic murmur: “plop” sound related to movement of the tumor
  • Symptoms due to embolization
    • Due to tumor fragments passing into the systemic circulation.
    • CNS: transient ischemic attack
    • Lungs: pulmonary embolization

Diagnostics

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Treatment

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