Formed by axons of ganglion cells that leave the eye to form the optic nerve
Located medially to the fovea centralis
Insensitive to light due to lack of photoreceptors (physiologic scotoma, i.e., blind spot)
Contains the optic cup
Central, cup-like depression in the optic disc
Site of transversing of retinal vessels
Point of exit for ganglion cell axons leaving the eye
Macula
An oval-shaped yellow spot on the lateral side of the optic disc, near the center of the posterior wall of the retina
The very center (fovea) is avascular, the surrounding macular area have a blood supply from retinal artery branches
Contains the fovea centralis
A central depression in the macula (foveola)
Contains the highest density of cones, each of which is connected to a single ganglion cell
Point of sharpest vision (100% visual acuity)
Macular sparing: the macular region of the visual cortex has a dual blood supply. It receives blood from both the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) and the middle cerebral artery (MCA).
