• Etiology
  1. Diabetes Mellitus (Diabetic Retinopathy)
     • Leading cause of retinal hemorrhage in adults
     • Results from microvascular damage due to chronic hyperglycemia
  2. Hypertension (Hypertensive Retinopathy)
     • High blood pressure damages retinal blood vessels
     • Often presents as flame-shaped hemorrhages
  3. Trauma
  4. Vascular Disorders
     • Retinal vein occlusion
     • Retinal artery occlusion
     • Arteriovenous malformations