Classification
-
Microcytic (MCV < 80 fL): Hemoglobin affected (TAIL)
- Defective globin chain:
- Defective heme synthesis:
- Anemia of chronic disease
- Iron deficiency (late)
- Lead poisoning
-
Normocytic (MCV 80-100 fL)
- Nonhemolytic (low reticulocyte index)
- Iron deficiency (early)
- Anemia of chronic disease
- Aplastic anemia
- Chronic kidney disease
- Acute blood loss (hemorrhage)
- Hemolytic (high reticulocyte index)
- Intrinsic
- Membrane defects
- Enzyme deficiencies
- Hemoglobinopathies
- Sickle cell anemia
- HbC disease
- Extrinsic
- Autoimmune
- Microangiopathic
- Macroangiopathic
- Infections
- Intrinsic
- Nonhemolytic (low reticulocyte index)
-
Macrocytic (MCV > 100 fL)
- Megaloblastic
- DNA affected
- Defective DNA synthesis
- Defective DNA repair
- DNA affected
- Nonmegaloblastic
- Diamond-Blackfan anemia
- Liver disease
- Chronic alcohol overuse
- Megaloblastic
Clinical features
- Features of hyperdynamic state
- Bounding pulses
- Tachycardia/palpitations
- Flow murmur
- Pulsatile sound in the ear
- Possibly heart failure (anemia-induced heart failure)