Neonatal infection

Clinical features

Irritability, lethargy, poor feeding
Temperature changes (fever and hypothermia both possible)
Cardiocirculatory: tachycardia, hypotension, poor perfusion, and delayed capillary refill > 3 sec
Respiratory: tachypnea, dyspnea (e.g., expiratory grunting), apnea (more common in preterm infants)
Skin tone: jaundiced and/or bluish-gray (indicates poor perfusion)

Critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP)
- Definition: axonal injury, particularly to the motor neurons, as a sequela of sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction
- Clinical features
  - Predominantly distal, symmetrical, flaccid paralysis of the extremities with muscle atrophy; may affect the diaphragm
  - Absent or reduced reflexes
  - Dysesthesias in a glove-and-stocking distribution may be present
Critical illness myopathy (CIM), which results in a decrease of muscle membrane excitability and loss of myosin with resultant atrophy of myofibers