• Red
  • Foods: beets, blackberries, rhubarb
  • Medications: laxatives, antipsychotics (chlorpromazine, thioridazine), anesthetics (propofol)
  • Toxins: lead, mercury
  • Conditions: urinary tract infections, nephrolithiasis, porphyria, hemoglobinuria (rhabdomyolysis); see Question 7
• Orange
  • Foods: vitamin C, carrots
  • Medications: rifampin, phenazopyridine
• Green
  • Foods: asparagus
  • Medications: vitamin B, propofol
  • Conditions: Pseudomonas urinary tract infection
• Blue
  • Medications: amitriptyline, indomethacin, IV cimetidine, IV promethazine, triamterene, methylene blue
  • Conditions: blue diaper syndrome (see Question 5)
• Brown
  • Foods: fava beans
  • Medications: antimalarials (chloroquine, primaquine), antimicrobials (metronidazole, nitrofurantoin), laxatives (senna), methocarbamol, levodopa
  • Conditions: hepatobiliary diseases (obstructive and nonobstructive), tyrosinemia, Gilbert syndrome
• Pink
  • Uric acid crystals
• Purple
  • Purple (Purple Urine Syndrome): Indwelling Catheter + Alkaline UTI (Providencia, Klebsiella. Proteus)
• Black
  • Conditions: maliganant melanoma. Porphyria. alkaptonuria (ochronosis)