Etiology
- The most common cause of nephritic syndrome is immune complex deposition, which leads to serum hypocomplementemia.
Tip
IgA nephropathy is an exception, which is characterized by normal serum complement levels
Classifications
- Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
- Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
- Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Diagnostics
- Urinalysis: nephritic sediment
- Hematuria (either microhematuria or intermittent macrohematuria)
- Acanthocytes
- Red blood cell casts: RBC casts form through the congregation of proteins and RBCs inside the tubules.
- Mild to moderate proteinuria of > 150 mg/24 h but < 3.5 g/24 h (nonselective glomerular proteinuria)
- Sterile pyuria and sometimes WBC casts
- Blood tests
- ↑ Creatinine, ↓ GFR
- Azotemia with ↑ BUN
- Complement, ANA, ANCA, and anti-GBM antibodies