• Nontypeable strains cause mucosal infections (e.g., otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia).
• The type b strain can cause more severe infections (e.g., meningitis, epiglottitis), but the incidence of these infections has decreased with routine vaccination.
• The Hib vaccine only has effect on type b strain.

Virulence factors

• IgA protease
• Capsular polysaccharides (polyribosylribitol phosphate)
  • Contained in Hib vaccine, conjugated to a protein (e.g., diphtheria toxoid)
• Infections are usually caused by unencapsulated strains (vaccine protects against encapsulated H. influenzae type B)