Associated conditions

• Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
• Hepatoblastoma
• Yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor)
• Mixed germ cell tumor
• Ataxia-telangiectasia

Tip

• AFP is normally produced by the fetus → transient elevation of maternal AFP levels
• ↑ AFP: abdominal wall defects, neural tube defects
• ↓ AFP: associated with trisomy 21, 18, and 13