Epidemiology
Etiology
- Potassium excess: due to altered K+ metabolism or intake
- Reduced excretion: acute and chronic kidney disease
- Endocrine causes: hypocortisolism, hypoaldosteronism
- Drugs: potassium-sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, NSAIDs, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
- Especially in HIV patients who are taking high-dose TMP-SMX
- Similar to the actions of amiloride, trimethoprim blocks the epithelial sodium channel in the distal tubule and collecting duct. This reduces transepithelial voltage and impairs sodium-potassium exchange, leading to reduced potassium excretion and hyperkalemia.
- Type IV renal tubular acidosis
- Increased intake
- High potassium diet, e.g., fresh fruits, dried fruits and legumes, vegetables, nuts, seeds, bran products, milk, and dairy products
- K+ containing IV fluids
- Extracellular shift
- Extracellular release
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Diagnostics
<% tp.file.cursor() %>
Treatment
<% tp.file.cursor() %>