Inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis and demargination (loss of neutrophil binding to adhesive endothelial integrin molecules) → neutrophilic leukocytosis
Insulin resistant and increased blood glucose
Increased Glucose Production: Glucocorticoids stimulate the liver to produce more glucose (gluconeogenesis) by increasing the expression of key enzymes. They also enhance the effects of hormones like glucagon, further boosting glucose production.
Reduced Glucose Uptake: They impair insulin signaling in tissues like muscle and fat, making them less responsive to insulin, reducing glucose uptake from the blood. Glucocorticoids can also directly inhibit insulin secretion from the pancreas.
Altered Fat Metabolism: Glucocorticoids promote fat breakdown (lipolysis), increasing free fatty acids in the blood, which contributes to insulin resistance. Chronic exposure can also increase abdominal fat (visceral adiposity), linked to insulin resistance.
Adverse effects
Metabolism, electrolytes and endocrine system
Hyperglycemia and ↑ insulin resistance → glucocorticoid-induced diabetes
