Epidemiology

Etiology

At least two of the following symptoms must be present, with at least one of these from the first three symptoms listed:
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized speech
- Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
- Negative symptoms
  - Apathy: lack of motivation
  - Social withdrawal
  - Flat affect: emotional flattening/monotone speech
  - Poverty (lack) of speech
  - Anhedonia: inability to experience pleasure
The above symptoms persist for ≥ 1 month.
There are continuous cognitive or affective disturbances for ≥ 6 months.
Symptoms must cause social, occupational, or personal functional impairment lasting ≥ 6 months.

Mnemonic

Patients can hear high definition voices. But they are not real. Like there are radiowaves spreading fake bullshit (BS) via a network

Schizophrenia: ≥ 6 months
Schizophreniform disorder: 1–6 months
Brief psychotic disorder: > 1 day but ≤ 1 month
- Brief psychotic disorder usually develops after stressful life events.
Schizoaffective disorder
- ≥ 2 weeks of psychosis without prominent manic/depressive symptoms during the illness episode, to differentiate from a mood disorder with psychotic features (Like MDD)
  - They don’t have psychotic symptoms alone without mood symptoms
- A single illness episode where both of the following occur concurrently:
  - Psychotic symptoms that meet the criteria for schizophrenia
  - Features of a major mood episode (major depressive episode OR manic episode OR mixed episode)
- Psychotic symptoms occur at least once in the absence of mood disorder symptoms.
Delusional disorder
- ≥ 1 month
- At least one delusion
- No other prominent psychotic symptoms (e.g., hallucinations, disorganized speech, negative symptoms)
- E.g., delusional parasitosis: the fixed belief that the body is infested with a parasite despite the lack of supporting evidence
- Social and occupational functioning are not markedly impaired (vs psychosis)

Good	Poor
Later onset	Onset in childhood or adolescence
Female sex	Male sex
Acute onset with precipitant	Gradual onset (prodrome), no precipitant
Predominantly positive symptoms	Predominantly negative symptoms
No family history	Family history of psychotic illness
Short duration of active symptoms	Long duration of untreated psychosis