Epidemiology
Etiology
Pathophysiology
TAO is an inflammatory, nonatherosclerotic, vasoocclusive disease affecting small and medium-sized vessels of the extremities.
Clinical features
- Migratory superficial thrombophlebitis (recurrent): often seen prior to the onset of limb ischemia
- Tender nodules along the course of the affected vein
- Raynaud phenomenon
- Chronic or acute limb ischemia: may progress from distal to proximal vessels
- Intermittent claudication
- Pain at rest, cool extremities, and/or diminished or absent pulses
- Ulceration and/or gangrene of fingertips and/or toes (digits may autoamputate)