Epidemiology
- Trauma (e.g., proximal scaphoid fractures)
- Cellular toxicity (e.g., chemotherapy, radiotherapy, thermal injury, smoking, alcohol)
- Medication (e.g., corticosteroids)
- Congenital disease (e.g., sickle cell disease, Gaucher disease)
- Orthopedic conditions (e.g., slipped capital femoral epiphysis, developmental dysplasia of the hip)
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
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Diagnostics
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Treatment
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