Epidemiology


Etiology


Risk factor

  • Diabetes mellitus

Etiology by source

  • Biliary tract: most commonly identified cause (24–60%)
    • Choledocholithiasis
  • Hepatic artery (∼ 10%)
    • Bacteremia or sepsis, e.g., due to infective endocarditis or IV line infection
  • Portal vein (∼ 7%)
    • Inflammatory bowel disease, most commonly Crohn disease

Common pathogens

  • Often polymicrobial
  • Most commonly isolated organisms
    • E. coli
    • Staphylococcus aureus
      • As S. aureus is a skin commensal, it can cause infection in IV drug users, after percutaneous chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma, or after penetrating hepatic injury.

Pathophysiology


Clinical features


Diagnostics


Treatment